Weekend Radio Click Here for More Electronics Projects and Tutorials By Mike Maynard, K4ICY

The Depot Cootie Key - An Easy-to-Build Single-Lever Morse Paddle

As Presented in The Printed Circuit, Newsletter of the Tallahassee Amateur Radio Society (TARS). January 2015 - Page 13  Click Here for an index of Electronics Projects
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 KM4AHP's Homebrew Cootie Key

Check this beautiful Depot Cootie Key build by Mark W. Allendorf, KM4AHP!

By the way, Mark is a CW key aficionado! - Check him out at QRZ.com

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Build Your Own “Depot Cootie” Key for as Little as $10!

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       As the great homebrewing advocate Frank Harris, KOIYE, once put it in his remarkable free book: "Be The Complete Ham," no one can rightly call themselves a "real" ham until they’ve attempted to build some piece of their own equipment. The very act of homebrewing some station accessory or piece of radio gear divides the sheep from the goats - or the Amateur from the appliance user.  Sure, not all hams are so technically inclined, but this is a teaching hobby and if the hams of the early part of last century could be compelled to understand the inner workings of their radios and craft just to be granted a class A or B license then the hams of today can certainly endeavor to go that one extra step.

        The "Cootie" or side-swiper key, as mentioned in my associated article was one of first easy-to-build "alternative" key solutions for the telegraph operator of the late 19th century and later for the experimenting ham of the radio age.  The side-to-side motion was easier on the wrist and an operator could actually send faster with less work.  The literal backbone of this simple key relies on a springy piece of steel to act as the actuator arm, pivot bearings and retracting springs all in one.  All one had to do was affix the other end of the arm and provide some adjustable contacts that would be  available  on  both  the

Depot Cootie Key 

left and right.  Many a new ham of not-so-prosperous times found the "Cootie" to be an economic necessity for enjoying their new Novice licenses.  As the early part of the 20th century rolled on, hams found themselves converting surplus or broken semi-automatic "Bug" keys to single-lever paddles.  Later on, with the advent of the transistor age, when electronic keying became an affordable reality, a few enterprising key manufacturers produced dedicated solid arm models which promised incredible speeds and improved sending accuracy.  A few particular models are still in production today and are considered popular and the key of choice for speed aficionados.
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Michael F, Aiello, N2HTT's Depot Cootie

Check out Mike Aiello, N2HTT's very well done Depot Cootie, and read his fantastic article on Cootie keys!

http://www.ll-leasing.com/pcara/docs/pcud0217.pdf#page=5

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       "Can I build one for myself so easily?" you say.  Yes, and I'll show you an example that took me only half an hour to build and it works great!  Throuout this page you'll also find many great examples by many hams that followed along and 'rolled their own'.  There's a beauty in constructing something with simple parts.  First of all, we need to do a little "up-cycling" by re-using an old part that would have normally gone to the landfill.  Go take a look at your hacksaw, in particular, the type used for cutting light metal or wood and has a thin blade that is at least a foot long (30cm) and 1/2” (13mm) wide - this is the main part we’ll need.  If you don't have one lying around, that's okay, a pack of replacement blades are not that expensive.  You may also be able to find other applicable pieces of spring steel at your local hardware store.  You'll need to do a little prep to the blade once you have your other parts, so keep these old and worn blades handy for future “gift” keys.
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Hack Saw and Corner Braces
       Now, I can't endorse one hardware store over another here, but I'm sure that you'll find everything you’ll need at your local Lowe's®, Ace Hardware®, B&Q®, Bunnings®, Home Depot® or whatever hardware store you frequent, so there'll be NO need to order anything, and the tools will be minimal.  For my build, I went to The Home Depot® [Yes, I named this key the "Depot Cootie,"  but if anyone asks, maybe I was re-envisioning the days of railroading telegraphy past.]  Anyways, you can expect to find all the parts on the list to cost you at least $10 USD and not much more.  If you have a piece of wood lying around that you can cut to form the base of the key, then you're already ahead, but I happened to find this piece of pre-fab molding in the trim section for only 84 cents and it already had an attractive chamfer on it!

        Aside from the used 1/2” (13mm) wide hacksaw blade and a good wooden base, the right angle brackets are the key to this assembly.  I used 1-1/2” (38mm) corner braces I got in a pack of four for only a few bucks.

       Once affixed to the base, the bottom holes on the vertical  section  are used to mount the blade and the contacts while the top holes serve to connect the wires.  You'll see that the list of fasteners is a little extensive including two kinds of lock washers and pan-head machine screws, but nothing here is critical and I leave it up to you to figure out a solution that works best for you.  Just be innovative and experiment.  The one part that may be important is to use all #8 fastener sizes as we'll discuss later.  Also, everything should be stainless steel if you can get it so that your key will not suffer from poor electrical connections later on due to surface oxidation.  Brass parts may be fine but they will need cleaning once and a while.

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Hardware

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HARDWARE:  Steel ˝” (13mm) Hacksaw Blade, Pre-Cut 4-1/2” x 2-3/4“ x 1” (12cm x 7cm x 2.5cm)  (not critical) Fiberboard Trim Block, (4) 1-1/2” (1/2“ wide) (38mm) Galvanized Corner Braces (Brass or "faux-brass" hardware may contain a non-conductive coating), (3) #8-32 x 5/8” Pan (or round) Head Machine Screws, (2) #8-32 x 1” Pan (or round) Head Machine Screws, (6) #8-32 Machine Screw Nuts, (6) #8 Ext. Tooth (Star) Lock Washers, (6) #8 Flat Washers, (6) #8 Med. Split Lock Washers, (2) #8-32 Wing Nuts, [Use whatever 4mm+ metric sizes that will suit,] (4) Small Adhesive-Back Rubber Feet, Finger Piece taken from a Chip-Clip – or use anything you personally prefer that can be glued on.
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Mark W. Steele, KD2NOM's Cootie

An attractive build from Mark Steele, KD2NOM!  -  [I like the angled swing arm aspect!]
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TOOLS:  Large Tin Snips (Metal Shears), Drill (for pilot holes in wood), Screwdrivers, Socket Drivers, Metal File, (opt.) J.B. Weld


Cut the blade with Metal Shears

INSTRUCTIONS:

1)     Prepare the hacksaw blade.  My goal for this project was to eliminate as much of any associated metal-working hazards as possible.  I do not recommend drilling or cutting into the hardened spring steel that the blade is made from unless you have access to a drill-press or metal-cutting tools.  We have an advantage!  There often happens to be a hole near each end of the hacksaw blade from which it's affixed to the hacksaw handle.  The hole happens to fit a #8 screw (typically,) if not, a little drilling with a metal bit to bore a larger hole may be needed - if you are careful and lock down the blade with a good metal clamp.

          Now we actually need to cut off a length of the existing blade to use for our key.  For this you should use a good pair of tin snips (metal cutting shears) to cut a piece of the blade which will include the hole on the opposite end from the cut.  3-1/2" to 4-1/2" will be plenty - or suit to your own design.  Important: Be sure to wear safety goggles and gloves when cutting the blade as the hardened steel is brittle and may produce flying shards.  As you know, there's some facet of physics that dictate a high probability of flight vector for metal shards towards the human eye!  If you don't have a pair of tin snips, then you could try holding the blade in a bench vice, and with a pair of vice-pliers, bend the blade near the cut line until the metal work-hardens and snaps apart.  Here, you should file down the sharp corners and teeth if you wish.  Also file or sand off any paint where the end with the hole is and also where the contacts will land to promote a clean electrical connection.

2)     Prepare the arm pivot assembly.  Sandwich the blade and the backs of two corner braces together, aligning the holes of the braces with that of the blade-end.  Attach fasteners as shown in the diagram.  The blade adds a small amount of clearance between the braces so build this part first before affixing to the base.  The blade should be perpendicular to the sides of the braces and eventually parallel to the surface of the base.  Once  you  tighten  the  fasteners

you should really have no issues with the blade moving from its placement angle, but if it does then you could bind it to (only) one of the braces with J.B. Weld® epoxy.  A blade without a pre-drilled hole can be effectively held between the two screws along the vertical section of the brace assembly, but you may have to address the contacts’ landing position if the blade doesn’t line up.

 ...building process

3)     Prepare the base.  There are no critical measurements to give you, but start off by dividing the center of your wooden base with a pencil line.  Place the pivot assembly near the back and align the blade to center along the pencil line.  Pencil in the inside of the brace's screw holes to mark where to pilot-drill for the wood screws that are often provided with corner braces.  The distance from the pivot to the contacts is not critical, so gauge where you would like the contact posts to sit, and for placement, sit the remaining corner braces in their positions with the backs (upward side) facing towards the center, space them out each from about 1/2" to 3/4" of distance from the center line.  Mark the pilot-holes on the base through the screw holes in the braces.  Don’t assemble the contact hardware just yet until the pivot/arm assembly is in place.

4)     Using the wood screws that are often supplied with a package of angle brackets,  attach the pivot assembly to its position, and then attach the braces for the contacts.

5)     Assemble the contact hardware.  The goal here is to have adjustable contact spacing that is also precise.  The stainless steel screws are perfect for good conductivity, but use your imagination on the arrangement.  In my example, I used a wing nut to serve as a hand-tightening lock nut to allow for easier adjustments on-the-fly.  However, it  is  not  perfect. [Just take a look at the many builder-sumitted examples found on this page for inspiration.]  

 For  a  better method, I suggest using a nylon-insert lock nut permanently attached to the corner brace using J.B. Weld® epoxy resin. You can also "Weld" the wing nut to the pan-head end of the machine screw which will give you a precise adjustment mechanism - just make sure there is good electrical conductivity along some part of the screw.  You can also “Weld” the contact-side nut to the brace and leave the wing nut free to act as a stop nut.  Like I said: nothing critical here - just use your imagination.

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Explded View of Depot Cootie


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6)     Attach a finger piece.  To provide plenty of peace for pretty pointers perpetually piddling paddles, the builder should choose finger pieces based on their own personal preference.  From padded rubberized adhesive-backed feet to rare arcade tokens, the right pieces can be both innexpensive and profound.  Just a note of caution: Your body should be electrically insulated from the metal parts of any key connected in-circuit to protect from exposure to possible high voltage potential or dangerous RF emissions, and at the least, even at QRP levels, your body's conduction might alter the antenna characteristics.

       For my example, I found these ready-made finger pieces loosely attached to some "Chip Clips" we had lying around.  The clips are easily broken, but the finger pieces were made of some kind of nylon and had a recess that was the same size as the blade!  Of course again, you can make this part out of anything from guitar picks and wooden nickels to layers of heat-shrink tubing or electrical tape.  For those with 3-D printers, you can flex your homebrew game by designing a custom set of grip pieces.  A dull used hacksaw blade shouldn't be too dangerous if covered with something.  

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Chip-Clips are a good source for handles!
Inexpensive Chip Clips (or "Crisp Clips") are a good source for handles!

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7)     Attach some small adhesive-back rubber feet to the bottom of the base.  This key will be too light by itself to operate without sliding around on the table, so rubber feet will help.  Using a sheet of soft high-friction silicone adhered to the entire bottom surface of the base will be better.  You can also attach it to a larger piece of wood or to the table itself!

8)     Attach the key's wires either by wrapping the wire around the screws and then clamped down in between two washers held in place by a nut or solder terminal lugs on to the wire and clamp the lugs to the top positions on the corner braces as shown.

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Dr. Avi Rochman, 4X1WQ's Cootie.jpg

A very fine build from Dr. Avi Rochman, 4X1WQ!  - [Note the subtle design improvement?]
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      Adjustment should be straight forward - the gap between the end of each contact screw and the blade surface should be set for best comfort.  The Cootie key can not only be used for side-swipe sending but to command an "iambic" automatic keyer, each paddle contact for the 'dit' and 'dah' circuit respectively.  If you are using a keyer then you may want extremely tight spacing.  As you can see in my example, I added a second blade from the top screw position, angled down to the finger piece.  I did this to effectively double the "spring" tension because I needed more resistance in moving the arm a very minute distance at only 0.005", just the thickness of a sheet of paper.
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Jeremy R. Wirtz, AA4JW's Cootie Key

A Classic Example from Jeremy Wirtz, AA4JW
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       Single-lever control of an automatic keyer is not the same in operation as with a dual-lever paddle where "squeezing" achieves the desired result of an automatic "iambic" pattern of alternating 'dits' and 'dahs'.  You have to manually alternate between each 'dit' and 'dah' contact to achieve this pattern and your timing has to be close enough so that you don't end up getting unintended elements.  I would suggest operating in "Iambic Mode B" so an extra element can be added to save on timing.  There are some advantages though as this approach is claimed to operate a keyer with fewer errors in sending.  Many find the single-lever key easier to learn which is why it is perhaps a "best seller" by a certain key manufacturer over their other products.
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Views

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       Now to talk a bit about using the Cootie key in its intended fashion: which is to send code by the “side-swiping” method.  For one of many instructional YouTube videos visit this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfLrgYHIpjo (An introduction to the Sideswiper)  In sides-swiping 'dits' and 'dahs' are produced manually as with a straight key, but in succession of moving the arm from one contact to the other.  As by common practice, elements are always started by moving the paddle from right to left – where the left contact is always made first - then alternately keying between each opposing contact until the character is completed, starting again with each new character.  The left contact is always keyed first regardless of character.  This method of sending is claimed to be "the hardest" to learn of all keys, but once the user has become more practiced at it, side-swiping becomes one of the most comfortable!
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Dennis P. Stahr, K6DS's Cootie

Even better!  Dennis P. Stahr, K6DS's Cootie uses a metal ruler... a clean look!
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       The adjustment of a Cootie key (or single-lever paddle) used in side-swiping differs from that of electronic keying.  The "weighting" of the side-swiped elements tends to be “heavier,” which to those that don't know, weighting is the term used to express the timing ratio between the marks (on) and spaces (off) of a character element.  A repeated keyer ‘dit’ is generally set to a 1:1 ratio and you should get a "dit dit dit" sound, but in sideswiping, you're more likely to get a "diidiidit" sound which is one reason why side-swiping has such a characteristic sound on the air.  To alleviate the propensity for heavy weighting, it is generally better to set the contacts very wide apart so that your wrist has to take more time to move the key arm from one contact to the other - maybe up to a 1/4" gap.  Don't fear side-swiping, just give it a good College try for yourself.
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Richard, M7MYR

Enjoying his new found love for Ham Radio and CW:
Richard, M7MYR, takes to the air waves with his new Foundation license,
new FT-818 and his trusty homebrew Cootie!

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       If you've built your own Cootie key then congratulations and welcome to the club!  Homebrewing hams are a sparce commodity compared to days of old, not to mention CW operators for that matter.  And if you're a side-swiper (like myself) then truly, you are a rare find.

Feel free to contact me at:  mikek4icy@gmail.com  

One more thing... If you build one yourself, I'll be more than happy to post a pic and even a link here!

73! DE Mike, K4ICY

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John Alcock AD9CB - Homebrew Cootie Key

Discovering the joy of homebrewing
by John Alcock, AD9CB
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KB5RCF - Cootie Key

Homemade by KB5RCF

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Cootie Key

Very Classy in Black

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Mark W .Allendorf, KM4AHP Homebrew Sideswiper

A Fine Example by Mark W. Allendorf, KM4AHP built for only $12 usd!
The brass fasteners are a nice touch.
Alligator clips used to quickly convert from Dual-Lever to Sideswiper.

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Manoel Lopes - Mini Cootie Key

Manoel Lopes's Mini Cootie Key

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Luis Alvarez's Depot Cootie

Luis Alvarez's Depot Cootie

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Edited: 10/27/23
©2012-2016, 2021, 2023 Copyright - Michael A. Maynard